Gambling involves wagering something of value, with conscious risk and hope of gain, on an event whose outcome is determined at least in part by chance. While gambling may be thought of primarily in terms of slot machines or casinos, it can also include playing bingo, buying lottery or scratch tickets, and betting on sports events. Some forms of gambling are considered socially acceptable and legal, while others involve illegal activity and have negative economic and social consequences.
Some people may develop a gambling problem as a result of a combination of factors. Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to thrill-seeking behaviour and impulsivity, while others may have an underactive brain reward system that makes it difficult for them to control their urges or weigh risk. Environmental influences, including family and peer pressure, and sociocultural and economic changes that place an emphasis on money can also contribute to gambling problems.
In addition to these social and biological factors, some people may gamble as a way to cope with unpleasant emotions or relieve boredom. Some people may turn to gambling after a stressful day or following an argument with their spouse, while others find it relaxing or a way to socialize. In some cultures, such as that of Native Americans, gambling is a central pastime, and the activities are reflected in mythology, legends, and traditions.
For some people, a gambling addiction can be especially dangerous because it interferes with their ability to recognize and manage their emotions. Gambling can also cause a range of behavioral symptoms, including lying to family members or therapists in order to conceal the extent of involvement; engaging in illegal activities, such as forgery, fraud, theft, or embezzlement, in order to fund gambling; and jeopardizing or losing a job, educational or career opportunity, or relationship as a result of the activity (American Psychiatric Association 2000).
For people struggling with gambling problems, it is important to seek help. Those with the most severe issues should consider joining a support group, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12 step model of Alcoholics Anonymous and offers practical steps for recovery. It is also important to learn how to relieve unpleasant feelings in healthier ways, such as exercising, spending time with friends who do not gamble, or practicing relaxation techniques. Finally, it is helpful to set boundaries in managing finances and credit, as this can help keep the person from putting their own or other people’s financial resources at risk. If you are caring for someone with a gambling problem, it is important to reach out for support as well. The fact that so many families have experienced this challenge can be a comforting reminder that you are not alone. You can also learn about what other people are doing to recover from their own gambling addictions, and get advice on how to handle specific situations that arise. These tips can help you become a better advocate for the person you are caring for, and make it easier to encourage them to seek treatment.