Gambling is a risky activity that involves betting on an outcome of a game or other event, often with money. People who gamble do so for a variety of reasons. Some find it a great way to socialize with friends and family; others enjoy the adrenaline rush and dream of winning big; while some use it as an escape from financial problems or boredom. It’s important to remember that gambling can lead to a variety of negative effects, both on the individual and society as a whole.

It is estimated that 2.5 million adults (1% of the population) in the United States have a severe gambling problem. However, many more people – an estimated 5-8 million (2-3%) – are vulnerable to gambling harms and may not meet the full diagnostic criteria for a gambling disorder. These individuals are more likely to be male, young and poor, and tend to live in areas with higher availability of gambling venues. They are also more likely to report lower levels of emotional wellbeing and have a poorer quality of life. They may also experience health problems and social inequalities.

The term “disordered gambling” refers to a range of behavior from non-clinical behaviors that indicate vulnerability to pathological gambling, to those behaviors that would satisfy the criteria for compulsive gambling in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)—the textbook used by psychologists to diagnose psychological disorders. The DSM-IV listed 10 warning signs of compulsive gambling, but the latest edition of the book eliminated one of these warning signs (criminal activities).

Although the DSM-IV and the latest version of the book define a “problem,” researchers have been working to identify what factors contribute to problematic gambling. A range of potential factors has been identified, including the size and frequency of an early big win, a tendency to seek out high-risk bets, boredom susceptibility, impulsivity, a poor understanding of random events, escape coping and a history of depression and other stressful life experiences. These factors can make it harder to control your behavior, even when you know it’s unhealthy.

The risk of developing a gambling disorder increases with age, but it can affect anyone. It can be found in all races, religions, socioeconomic statuses, education and income levels, and it can occur in small towns and large cities. It is most common among men and boys, but it can affect people of all ages. It can even be present in families. If you are concerned about your own gambling behavior, talk with a trusted friend or family member. Consider cognitive behavioural therapy, which can help you examine your beliefs about betting and how you think about it. Also, reduce your financial risks by avoiding the use of credit cards, taking out loans and carrying large amounts of cash. If you’re able to do these things, it can be easier to stop or reduce your gambling behavior. You should also try to avoid going to gambling venues, as this can trigger a relapse.