A casino (also known as a gambling house or a gaming establishment) is a place where people can gamble. It may also serve food, drinks, and entertainment. Casinos are often located near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships, and other tourist attractions.
The first casinos appeared in Europe during the 16th century, although gambling probably predates recorded history. Primitive protodice and carved knuckle bones have been found at archaeological sites, and a variety of card games have been played for centuries. However, the modern idea of a casino as a single venue offering a wide range of ways to win money under one roof did not appear until after World War II.
Casinos are designed to appeal to all the senses, from sight to sound. They use bright lights and gaudy colors to stimulate the eye, and the enticing hum of slot machines is electronically tuned to a musical key to appeal to the ear. Alcoholic beverages are readily available and constantly refilled by waiters circulating the floor, and nonalcoholic drinks and snacks are frequently offered free of charge. The noise, excitement and visual stimulation all add up to an intensely pleasurable experience for most gamblers.
In addition to stimulating the senses, casino designers seek to create a controlled environment in which gamblers can make calculated decisions. The floor and wall coverings are designed to be visually appealing, and the rooms are air conditioned. Rhythmic music plays at low volume to add to the atmosphere. Clocks are not displayed, because they would confuse patrons’ ability to track time. Casinos use a variety of other security measures, including sophisticated surveillance systems that provide an “eye-in-the-sky” view of all activity.
Casino owners understand the need to entice customers, so they offer various incentives. Large bettors are frequently given extravagant inducements such as free spectacular entertainment and transportation, elegant living quarters, and reduced-fare hotel rooms. For smaller bettors, comps such as free drinks and cigarettes while gambling are offered.
Some casinos specialize in certain types of gambling, such as blackjack, poker, and roulette. They also offer a wide variety of other activities, such as race and sports betting, bingo, and concerts. Many casinos also feature luxury amenities, such as swimming pools and spas. Some even have bowling alleys and golf courses, which attract visitors from outside the region.